The article titled “Plan C: Makhno Studio’s Innovative Concept for a Martian Settlement” showcases the pioneering design by Ukrainian architecture practice Makhno Studio for a 3D-printed settlement on Mars. The concept, known as Plan C, envisions a bagel-shaped structure surrounding the edge of a crater, providing protection from Mars’ harsh environmental conditions. Developed during the coronavirus lockdown, the proposal aims to address the challenges of comfortable underground living, with a focus on creating a self-sustaining and habitable community in the face of potential difficulties on Earth’s surface. The article highlights the unique features of the settlement, including its use of large-scale 3D printing, incorporation of natural and earthy aesthetics, and the creation of vital spaces for research, administration, and leisure activities.

Concept Development

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Questioning underground living during lockdown

During the coronavirus lockdown, as life on Earth’s ground level became difficult, the Ukrainian architecture practice, Makhno Studio, began questioning how underground living could be comfortable. This contemplation led to the development of a proposal for an underground bunker that garnered international attention. Building on this idea, the studio went on to conceive Plan C, a concept for a Martian settlement.

Designing an underground bunker

The concept of Plan C envisions a bagel-shaped settlement located on the inside of a crater on Mars. This unique location offers protection from Mars’ harsh environmental conditions, such as frequent sandstorms, meteor showers, and solar radiation. The settlement’s outer walls would be constructed using large scale 3D-printers, as the planet’s low oxygen levels make it impossible for humans to build without the use of spacesuits, oxygen devices, and life support machines. These walls would not only shield the interior from the atmospheric and weather conditions but also provide space for public halls, dining areas, research and technical facilities, as well as sleeping areas.

Overview of Plan C

Location and structure

Plan C is designed to be situated inside a crater on the Martian surface. This placement offers natural protection from Mars’ environmental challenges, providing a safe and habitable space for settlers. The settlement takes the form of a bagel-shaped structure, encircling the edge of the crater. This design ensures that the settlers are shielded from sandstorms, meteor showers, and solar radiation.

Protection from environmental conditions

Mars is known for its extreme atmospheric and weather conditions, which pose significant challenges to human habitation. Plan C addresses these challenges by utilizing large scale 3D-printed walls, which act as a barrier against the harsh external environment. These walls provide a layer of insulation, protecting the interior from extreme temperatures, radiation, and dust storms. Additionally, the settlement is equipped with advanced life support systems, ensuring a constant supply of oxygen, clean air, and controlled environmental conditions.

Construction

Use of large scale 3D-printers

Given the low oxygen levels on Mars, traditional methods of construction are not viable. To overcome this challenge, Makhno Studio proposes the use of large scale 3D-printers to construct the outer walls of Plan C. These printers would be capable of printing durable and structurally sound structures using locally available materials, reducing the need for transporting construction materials from Earth.

Challenges posed by low oxygen levels

One of the main challenges of construction on Mars is the low oxygen levels in the atmosphere. Without the appropriate equipment and life support systems, the human body cannot survive in such an environment. Makhno Studio acknowledges this challenge and emphasizes the need for advanced life support systems, spacesuits, and oxygen devices to ensure the safety and well-being of the settlers during the construction process. Proper ventilation and air filtration systems are also essential to maintain a habitable environment inside the settlement.

Interior Design

Incorporation of Earth and Mars elements

The interior design of Plan C draws inspiration from both Earth and Mars. Makhno Studio aims to create an ambience that combines the familiar elements of Earth with the intrigue and mystery of Mars. Natural and earthy hues are used throughout the settlement, creating a sense of connection to the planet from which the settlers originated. At the same time, rock-like surfaces and furnishings evoke the stark beauty of Mars, reminding the inhabitants of their unique environment.

Color scheme inspired by sandstorms and plants

Sandstorms are a defining feature of the Martian landscape. Makhno Studio draws inspiration from these sandstorms and incorporates the resulting color palette into the interior design of the settlement. Shades of red, orange, and brown can be seen throughout, creating a warm and vibrant atmosphere. Additionally, the presence of plants within the settlement serves as a reminder of Earth’s green open spaces, providing a sense of familiarity and connection to nature.

Combining science of the future and the ability to live on Mars

Makhno Studio aims to create an interior design that combines the science of the future with the practicality of living on Mars. The settlement is equipped with state-of-the-art technology and amenities, allowing the settlers to thrive in their new environment. At the same time, the design is mindful of the challenges and limitations of living on a barren planet, ensuring that functionality and sustainability are at the forefront of the design choices.

Public Halls and Amenities

Large plant-filled public hall as a connecting space

A central feature of the settlement is a large plant-filled public hall that spans the entire ring-shaped structure. This public hall serves as a connecting space, linking different areas within the settlement. It provides a communal gathering place for residents, fostering a sense of community and social interaction. The presence of plants in this space not only adds aesthetic appeal but also contributes to the overall well-being of the settlers by improving air quality and providing a connection to nature.

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Phyto-lighting to aid plant growth

To facilitate the growth of plants within the settlement, phyto-lighting is incorporated throughout the public halls. This specialized lighting system emits ultraviolet and infrared rays, stimulating plant growth and photosynthesis. By harnessing the power of light, the settlers can create an environment that supports plant life and ensures a sustainable source of oxygen.

Replication of Earth’s green open spaces

In designing the public halls and amenities, Makhno Studio sought to replicate the feeling of Earth’s green open spaces. The use of plants, natural materials, and organic shapes creates an environment that is reminiscent of parks and gardens. The aim is to provide residents with a sense of tranquility and connection to nature, even in the otherwise inhospitable conditions of Mars.

Vital Spaces

Medical care zones

The settlement is equipped with dedicated medical care zones to ensure the health and well-being of the residents. These zones are staffed with trained medical personnel and equipped with state-of-the-art medical facilities and equipment. Regular check-ups, emergency care, and preventive measures are all part of the comprehensive healthcare system within Plan C.

Research centers for monitoring conditions

Given the unique environment of Mars, continuous monitoring of planetary and atmospheric conditions is crucial. Research centers are strategically located within the settlement to facilitate ongoing research and data collection. This information helps scientists and engineers better understand the planet and develop sustainable solutions for long-term habitation.

Chemical and biological laboratories

Plan C incorporates specialized laboratories for chemical and biological research. These laboratories enable scientists and researchers to conduct experiments, analyze samples, and study the unique properties of Mars. The findings from these laboratories contribute to scientific advancements and improve our understanding of the Martian environment.

Administrative blocks

Administrative blocks form an integral part of the settlement, providing space for essential administrative functions, communication networks, and coordination among residents and external parties. These blocks house administrative offices, meeting rooms, and communication hubs, ensuring effective management and operation of the settlement.

Agricultural Spaces

Spherical greenhouses for growing fruits and vegetables

To ensure a sustainable food supply, spherical greenhouses are designed and implemented within the settlement. These greenhouses resemble small planets and are specifically designed to optimize space and resources for growing fruits and vegetables. The controlled environment inside the greenhouses allows for year-round cultivation, providing the residents with fresh and nutritious produce.

Phyto-lamps for stimulating plant growth

The growth of plants within the greenhouses is facilitated by the use of phyto-lamps. These specialized lighting systems emit light at specific wavelengths that are beneficial for plant growth. By providing the necessary light energy, the phyto-lamps stimulate photosynthesis and ensure optimal plant growth and productivity.

Sleeping Spaces

Minimalistic design with essential furnishings

Sleeping spaces within the settlement are designed with a minimalistic approach, focusing on essential furnishings and functionality. The compact nature of the sleeping quarters allows for efficient use of space while still ensuring comfort and privacy for the residents. Simple yet ergonomic furniture is carefully chosen to maximize space and provide a restful environment for sleep.

Ceiling screen for entertainment

Each sleeping area is equipped with a large ceiling screen that can be used for entertainment purposes. This screen allows residents to watch films, documentaries, and other multimedia content, providing a form of relaxation and escapism. Cloudy landscapes and space imagery can also be displayed, creating a sense of wonder and connection to the wider universe.

Neon lighting for ambience

Neon lighting is used throughout the sleeping spaces to create a unique ambience. This lighting adds a touch of visual interest and can be adjusted to create different moods, from calm and soothing to vibrant and energizing. The flexibility of neon lighting allows residents to personalize their sleeping environment and create a space that suits their preferences and needs.

Fitness Facility

Gym and fitness facility to prevent health issues

Living in a low-gravity environment can lead to health issues such as muscle atrophy and bone density loss. To counteract these effects, Plan C includes a dedicated gym and fitness facility within the settlement. This facility is equipped with exercise bikes, weightlifting equipment, and other fitness machines that allow residents to engage in regular physical activity and maintain their overall health.

Exercise bikes and length pools for adjusting to low-gravity conditions

Exercise bikes and length pools are strategically placed within the fitness facility to help residents adjust to the low-gravity conditions of Mars. Cycling and swimming are low-impact exercises that can help strengthen muscles and improve cardiovascular health without putting excessive strain on the body. These facilities allow residents to maintain their fitness levels and mitigate the negative effects of living in a low-gravity environment.

Conclusion

The concept of Plan C, a Martian settlement designed by Makhno Studio, offers a comprehensive and sustainable approach to living on Mars. The underground bunker structure, constructed using large scale 3D-printers, provides protection from the harsh environmental conditions of the planet. The interior design combines elements of Earth and Mars, creating an atmosphere that is both familiar and otherworldly. Public halls and amenities foster community and connection, while vital spaces ensure the well-being and functionality of the settlement. Agricultural spaces and sleeping areas are designed with efficiency and comfort in mind, while the fitness facility addresses the unique challenges of a low-gravity environment. Plan C embodies the possibility of human habitation on Mars and represents a significant leap forward in the exploration and colonization of other planets.

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